HELENA – To celebrate our hunting heritage in Montana, Gov. Greg Gianforte launched the third annual Youth Hunting Story Contest in August for Montana youth and apprentice hunters ages 10 to 17. The deadline to enter the contest is Monday, Dec. 2, 2024. 

To enter the contest, hunters must submit a story of no more than 500 words and a photo from their 2024 hunt. Hunters must be Montana residents and licensed hunters or apprentice hunters between the ages of 10 and 17. Eligible entries include harvesting any legal game, furbearer animals or birds in Montana.

The governor will select 10 hunters, five aged 10 to 13 and five aged 14 to 17, and announce the winners in late December. The winners will be invited to the Capitol to celebrate with the governor and receive their prizes in January of the new year.

The 2024 contest's prize partners include Sitka, Stone Glacier, Kenetrek Boots, J2 Taxidermy, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Murdochs and the Montana Outfitters and Guides Association.

Learn more and enter at youthhunting.mt.gov. 

Did you know that a hot tub can be a source of Legionnaires' disease? This disease is caused by bacteria that are mostly found in soil and warm water. And while it doesn't affect everyone who comes in contact with it, the bacteria can cause severe respiratory problems in those who get infected.

Keep reading to learn what Legionnaires' disease is, who's most at risk, and what you can do if you or someone you know contracts it.

What is Legionnaires' Disease?

Legionnaires' disease is a type of lung infection you get by breathing in Legionella bacteria, which are typically found in water or soil. Although the disease mostly affects the lungs, it can also cause infections in wounds and other parts of the body, including the heart. 

Legionnaires' disease is life-threatening if not treated promptly, so it's important to know how to recognize the symptoms so you can get medical help quickly.

Who is More Likely to Get Legionnaires' Disease?

Anyone can get Legionnaires' disease if they inhale contaminated water droplets. But some people are at a higher risk than others. Those who are more likely to contract the disease include the following:

Older adults: If you're over 50 years old, then you are at greater risk of getting the disease.

People with weakened immune systems: If you have a chronic illness, like diabetes or cancer, or are taking immunosuppressive medications, you're more likely to get the disease.

Smokers: Smoking damages the lungs, making it easier for someone to get Legionnaires' disease.

People with chronic lung disease: If you have a condition like COPD, then you're more likely to get the disease.

If you or someone you know is at a higher risk of contracting Legionnaires' disease, then you should avoid potential sources of Legionella bacteria, such as untreated hot tubs. You should also watch out for the symptoms if you suspect that you've been exposed to Legionella bacteria.

Symptoms of Legionnaires' Disease

The symptoms of Legionnaires' disease are similar to those of other respiratory illnesses, making it hard to diagnose at first. If you've been exposed to a possible source of the bacteria and start noticing symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately. 

The following are some of the symptoms you should look out for:

• High fever and chills
• Muscle aches
• Headaches
• Shortness of breath
• Cough (often producing mucus)
• Chest pain
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

You can start experiencing these symptoms between 2 to 10 days after exposure. But in some cases, they can appear as early as 24 hours or as late as two weeks.

Causes of Legionnaires' Disease

The Legionella bacteria that cause Legionnaires' disease are mostly found in warm water environments. You might find the bacteria lurking in:

Hot tubs
Hot tubs are one of the most common sources of Legionnaires' disease. If you don't maintain your hot tubs well, they can become breeding grounds for Legionella.

Cooling towers
If cooling towers aren't properly maintained, Legionella bacteria can grow in the warm water and then be dispersed into the air. Since cooling towers are part of a system that circulates air, they can spread the bacteria over a large area, putting anyone nearby at risk.

Water tanks and plumbing systems
Legionella bacteria can thrive in water tanks and plumbing systems, especially when the temperature is between 68°F and 122°F (20°C to 50°C).

Fountains and decorative water features
Fountains and other decorative water features can harbor Legionella bacteria especially if they're not cleaned and maintained regularly. If the water is recirculated and left stagnant for too long, it becomes a perfect breeding ground for the bacteria, especially in warmer conditions.

Management and Treatment of Legionnaires' Disease

If you suspect that you've contracted Legionnaires' disease, you should immediately consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment. Your doctor will diagnose the disease with a urine test or by testing a sample of mucus from the lungs. Once diagnosed, you will be treated using the following:

Antibiotics: Because Legionnaires' is a bacterial infection, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics like azithromycin or ciprofloxacin. They might hospitalize you if the infection is severe.

Oxygen therapy: You may need oxygen therapy if the infection affects your ability to breathe.

Fluids: Your doctor might put you on hydration, especially if you've had symptoms like vomiting or diarrhea.

Keep Yourself Safe From Legionnaires' Disease

While Legionnaires' disease isn't as common as other respiratory illnesses, you should know where it comes from and how it spreads so you can keep yourself safe. If you think you've been exposed to Legionella bacteria and start feeling unwell, don't hesitate to reach out to your doctor for early diagnosis and treatment.

It feels like everywhere you look, someone’s talking about collagen. From influencers to health gurus, collagen is praised for its potential to boost skin health, strengthen hair, and even support joint health. But did you know that one of the best ways to get collagen is from a source that’s been around for centuries? I’m talking about bone broth collagen—a superfood packed with natural collagen that offers big benefits for your skin’s elasticity and youthful glow.

If you’re curious about what makes bone broth collagen special and why it might be the secret ingredient your skincare routine is missing, let’s dive in.

What Exactly Is Bone Broth Collagen?

Bone broth collagen is collagen extracted from animal bones (like beef or chicken) that are simmered for hours—sometimes even a full day. This slow cooking process breaks down the collagen, along with a host of other nutrients, into a liquid that’s rich in amino acids and minerals.

Unlike many collagen powders, which focus on just one or two types of collagen, bone broth gives you a mix, especially Type I and Type III, which are key for skin health. Type I helps with skin strength and elasticity, while Type III aids in hydration and firmness, making bone broth a well-rounded option for supporting youthful, resilient skin.

Why Does Your Skin Need Collagen?

Collagen is basically the building block of your skin, responsible for keeping it firm, plump, and elastic. But here’s the catch: as we get older, our bodies naturally produce less collagen—starting as early as our mid-20s! Less collagen means skin can start to lose that youthful firmness and elasticity, leading to wrinkles and sagging.

On top of aging, things like too much sun exposure, smoking, stress, and even pollution can speed up collagen breakdown. That’s where adding collagen supplements —especially from a nutrient-rich source like bone broth—can be helpful. You’re essentially giving your skin the raw materials it needs to stay firm, bouncy, and hydrated.

How Bone Broth Collagen Works to Support Skin Elasticity

One reason bone broth collagen is so great for skin is that it’s packed with amino acids like glycine and proline. These amino acids are crucial for collagen production in your body and help keep your skin firm and stretchy.

• Glycine: This amino acid plays a huge role in maintaining skin firmness. It’s a major building block of collagen, which means it supports your skin’s structure and helps prevent sagging.

• Proline: Proline is especially helpful for skin repair. It stimulates collagen synthesis, which helps your skin recover from daily wear and tear, like sun exposure or environmental stress.

By drinking bone broth or adding it to your diet, you’re giving your skin a natural supply of these amino acids, helping it look smoother, firmer, and more resilient.

Bone Broth: A Natural Way to Keep Skin Hydrated

Besides collagen, bone broth is packed with other goodies for your skin—like hyaluronic acid. This substance is like a magnet for moisture, drawing water into the skin and keeping it plump. When your skin is well-hydrated, it looks smoother and shows fewer fine lines.

Plus, bone broth is also full of minerals like magnesium, potassium, and calcium. These minerals support cellular health and help your skin stay hydrated from the inside out. So, if you’ve ever struggled with dry or dull skin, bone broth could be a game-changer for keeping your skin looking fresh and glowing.

How Bone Broth Collagen Stacks Up Against Other Collagen Supplements

With so many collagen supplements out there, you might be wondering if bone broth is any different. Unlike most collagen powders, which are often hydrolyzed and isolated into a single type, bone broth gives you multiple collagen types in their more natural form. That means you’re getting not just collagen, but a mix of amino acids and minerals that work together to support your skin, joints, and overall health.

Plus, because bone broth is a whole food source, the collagen is more easily absorbed. The long simmering process breaks down collagen into a form that’s easier for your body to use, meaning you could see benefits sooner.

Reducing Skin Inflammation Naturally

Another major plus of bone broth is its anti-inflammatory benefits. Chronic inflammation can damage collagen in your skin, leading to premature wrinkles, sagging, and a dull complexion. The amino acids in bone broth, especially glycine, have natural anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation in your skin and body.

If you’re dealing with inflammatory skin issues like acne or eczema, bone broth might be a great way to support calm, clear skin. It’s a natural way to fight inflammation without harsh chemicals or treatments.

How to Add Bone Broth Collagen to Your Routine

Incorporating bone broth collagen into your day is simple and actually pretty tasty. Here are a few easy ways to get started:

• Sip It: Try sipping a cup of warm bone broth in the morning or before bed. It’s cozy, nourishing, and feels like a little daily treat.
•
Use It in Cooking: Bone broth can easily replace water or regular broth in soups, stews, and even when cooking grains like rice or quinoa. It adds a rich flavor to dishes while giving you a collagen boost.

• Mix with Smoothies or Juices: If you prefer powders, bone broth collagen powder can be blended into smoothies, making it a seamless addition to your routine.

The Bottom Line

Bone broth collagen is a powerhouse for skin health, providing more than just collagen. It’s a natural source of amino acids, minerals, and hydration-boosting compounds that work together to support your skin’s elasticity and youthfulness from the inside out.

Whether you’re aiming to reduce fine lines, improve skin texture, or just keep your skin looking vibrant, bone broth collagen might be the missing piece to your skincare routine. So why not give it a try? Embrace the simplicity of this ancient superfood, and enjoy its skin-loving benefits day after day.

GARDINER – Last week, a mortality signal from a Yellowstone National Park collar led authorities to a wolf that appears to have died from a gunshot wound and was found in Wolf Management Unit (WMU) 313.

Evidence on site suggests the wolf was shot and had taken refuge in heavy cover. The carcass did not appear to have been tampered with or deliberately placed. Based upon the condition of the carcass, FWP believes this wolf was unknowingly wounded when the four other wolves harvested in WMU 313 were taken. In that circumstance, multiple hunters held multiple licenses and no wolves had previously been harvested within the WMU.

Hunters who knowingly wound animals they are pursuing are obligated to attempt to recover those animals. However, if recovery is impossible or hunters lose the trail, and the animal ultimately dies, there is no violation. Based upon the site visit and information gathered during the carcass inspection of the other wolves harvested in WMU 313, FWP is not investigating this circumstance as an illegal activity.

The Fish and Wildlife Commission established a quota of three wolves for WMU 313, which borders the northern boundary of Yellowstone National Park. WMU 313 was closed to wolf harvest on Oct. 26. On Oct. 25, FWP gave the public a 24-hour notice the season in WMU 313 would close. Hunting can legally occur within the 24-hour window after FWP notifies the public a quota is met.

For current wolf quota status and harvest numbers, see the Wolf Harvest Dashboard.

Montana State University PhD student and Smithsonian Research Fellow, Claire Bresnan, launches a drone as part of a collaboration with the Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute to study the ecology of rangelands and praries. Photo courtesy of the Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute.

BOZEMAN – While it’s known for its museums in Washington, D.C., the Smithsonian Institution also comprises dozens of research and education bodies around the world. And through a unique collaboration with one of those teams, faculty and students at Montana State University are amplifying ecological research in the northern Great Plains.

The Smithsonian’s Great Plains Science Program was established in 2018 and since then, scientists in the GPSP have connected and worked with researchers at MSU, bringing together a broad range of academic focus areas to study a bioregion with numerous ecosystems and astonishing diversity that is inadequately understood.

“MSU’s partnership with the Smithsonian provides faculty with an opportunity to make a strong contribution to our understanding of the ecology of the great plains—a service to both the state and to this valuable national landscape resource,” said Alison Harmon, MSU’s vice president for research and economic development. “Smithsonian scientists have proven to be excellent research partners while also contributing to graduate education in our ecology and LRES departments. The Smithsonian’s mission is well aligned with our land-grant mission at MSU.”

Andrew Felton, an assistant professor in MSU’s Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences in the College of Agriculture, is one of several MSU researchers involved in the GPSP’s work to illuminate a more complete picture of how the region’s animals, plants, climate and ecological processes overlap and influence each other. He studies how climate and moisture influence the ability of plants to acquire and store carbon, assessing the larger implications of varying heat and water stresses on ecosystem health.

“The northern Great Plains are huge, and pretty understudied,” said Felton. “What’s been cool about this project is that we can bring in a lot of people who have different types of expertise and different perspectives. There’s an opportunity to advance basic science on this topic.”

The cross-institution collaboration is led by Hila Shamon and Ellen Welti, two Smithsonian scientists and MSU affiliate faculty. Shamon studies how human activities impact wildlife populations and leads several reintroduction efforts, while Welti studies how insects provide critical services to their habitats, including pollination, nutrient cycling and being a food source for larger species.

Shamon said the ongoing partnership has led to a greater capacity to carry out both MSU’s and the Smithsonian’s missions of scientific understanding and education. Currently, the Smithsonian and MSU are collaboratively supporting six graduate students in both the Department of Ecology and the Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences.

“We have two parts to our mission: One part is to generate knowledge, and the second part is education of the next generation of conservationists, scientists and practitioners,” Shamon said.

“All the students that we have are exceptional, and the work that they're doing is important,” she said. “We have researchers who have very different expertise, from genomics to movement ecology, remote sensing and much more. We try to combine these superpowers to answer big questions.”

Claire Bresnan is one of the graduate students involved in the interdisciplinary research. A doctoral student in the College of Letters and Science’s Department of Ecology, Bresnan was inspired to pursue graduate school after meeting Shamon while participating in an internship with the Smithsonian. Now in the fourth year of her doctoral studies, her project involves collecting data about the movement patterns of bison to understand their social structures and how they impact their surroundings. By working with both the Smithsonian and MSU, graduate students are exposed to a larger research team with which to collaborate and network, opening additional research areas and opportunities, Welti said.

One of Bresnan’s advisers, MSU ecology professor Scott Creel, said the ongoing teamwork with the Smithsonian has allowed for broader avenues of research that involve many scientists and create knowledge through both discovery and application.
“The common denominator in all these collaborations is that we’re out there in the prairie and looking at the ways we’ve altered this place and the way it works,” he said.
Also part of the Smithsonian work are professor Laura Burkle and assistant professor Justine Becker from MSU’s ecology department. They are studying pollinators and small mammals, respectively, fitting two more pieces into the larger puzzle.

Burkle said that grasslands are unique places to study pollinators, which face several threats. She studies how the ripple effects of pollinators extend to other grassland species, and is exploring how other organisms, such as grasshoppers, beetles and birds, are impacted by grassland management and ongoing change. Burkle and Welti advise graduate student Calla Sopko, whose project examines large-scale insecticide use in rangeland systems for grasshopper control.

“There’s a lot of unknowns about what's going on with pollinators in that part of the world,” Burkle said. “Often when we do ecology, we can only manipulate a small plot of a few meters. Trying to scale up the implications of that is difficult, so having the ability to view and study big-scale manipulations is interesting.”

Becker advises two doctoral students with the Smithsonian team studying black-footed ferrets and prairie dogs, both threatened species, and their movements through underground burrows. Those tunnels, and prairie dog grazing, provide important services for the ecosystem.

Because GPS technology doesn’t work well underground, the research team is using accelerometers to collect previously unavailable data on where prairie dogs, a keystone species for the ecosystem, travel in their burrows.

“At a basic level, we’re trying to understand how animals are making movement decisions,” said Becker. “Understanding those connections helps us understand how they are impacting the distribution and abundance of each species and what happens when species are added to or removed from those systems. That is applicable in the context of this ongoing loss of species from ecosystems and, on a more hopeful note, the reintroduction and rewilding efforts that are happening in a lot of places.”

The many pieces of the Smithsonian-connected research form a larger exploration that can stretch much further than any one researcher could alone, Becker said. And more connections are being created all the time, including work by Shamon, Bresnan and others with Aaniiih Nakoda College on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation. They have co-developed seminars and field classes with the college faculty, creating unique educational opportunities for students to participate in research that is ongoing on the reservation and surrounding lands. For Bresnan, that experience has been a highlight of her doctoral work at MSU.

“Being able to observe the Smithsonian co-developing research with tribal communities and seeing how projects are built, it's been very valuable as I think about what projects I want to do and what my career will look like," she said.

TWIN BRIDGES – Chronic wasting disease was recently detected in an elk on the north end of the Ruby Mountains in Hunting District 322.

CWD is a contagious neurological disease that infects mule deer, white-tailed deer, elk and moose. It's always fatal, and there is no known cure. It was first detected in Montana’s wild herds in 2017.

A hunter harvested the CWD-positive elk adjacent to the lower Ruby Valley, where CWD has been observed at high prevalence locally in both white-tailed and mule deer. While this is the first time CWD has been detected in elk in the Ruby Mountains, it was expected to eventually occur given the presence of the disease among deer populations that use the same habitats.

Sampling from hunter-harvested animals indicates CWD prevalence likely remains low in elk in the area.

It’s unlikely this detection will result in changes to elk hunting regulations in this area, which already has liberal harvest regulations for elk. Hunters can help wildlife managers monitor CWD by continuing to submit samples from harvested animals.

Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks has a variety of resources to help hunters get their harvested animals tested for CWD, including tutorials for taking and submitting samples themselves, as well as sampling stations where FWP staff are available to help. To view these resources, click here.

Hunting is the primary tool for monitoring and managing the spread of CWD. Concerns over CWD shouldn’t stop hunters from enjoying hunting season. Hunters are critical to conservation efforts across the state, including CWD management.

Hunters can help slow the spread of CWD by disposing of animal carcasses properly after harvesting the meat. This includes leaving carcass remains at the kill site or bagging the carcass and disposing of it in a Class II landfill.

There is no known transmission of CWD to humans. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that hunters harvesting deer, elk or moose from an area where CWD is known to exist have their animal tested prior to consuming the meat, and do not consume the meat if the animal tests positive.

To learn more, visit fwp.mt.gov/CWD.

In the dynamic world of education, remarkable transformations keep taking place on a constant basis. Now, students can easily find professional academic assistance: they just need to say, “Please write my paper online” to experts and get immediate results. Recently, there has also been the rise of Educational Technology (EdTech). It is revolutionizing the way students learn, interact, and engage with their academic pursuits. From interactive whiteboards to virtual reality simulations, EdTech is reshaping education, empowering educators and learners alike.

Introduction to EdTech
EdTech refers to the integration of digital tools, platforms, and innovative approaches aimed at enhancing and optimizing the learning experience. It encompasses a wide range of technologies, including, but not limited to, mobile devices, learning management systems, educational software, and online learning environments. The primary goal of EdTech is to leverage technology to create a more engaging, personalized, and effective learning process for students.

The Benefits of EdTech in Student Learning
The integration of EdTech in the classroom has yielded numerous benefits for students:

Increased Engagement: EdTech tools, such as interactive whiteboards, educational games, and multimedia content, have the power to captivate students, fostering greater engagement and enthusiasm for learning.

Personalized Learning: EdTech platforms can analyze student performance data and tailor learning experiences to individual needs, allowing for a more personalized approach to education.

Improved Accessibility: EdTech solutions, such as text-to-speech and assistive technologies, can enhance accessibility, ensuring that students with diverse learning needs can actively participate and succeed in their academic pursuits.

Enhanced Collaboration: EdTech tools, like cloud-based document sharing and video conferencing, facilitate seamless collaboration among students, enabling them to work together, share ideas, and learn from one another.

Real-Time Feedback: EdTech platforms can provide instant feedback to students, allowing them to track their progress, identify areas for improvement, and receive timely guidance to support their learning.

EdTech Tools and Technologies Transforming Education
The field of EdTech is brimming with a wide array of innovative tools and technologies that are revolutionizing the way students learn:

Learning Management Systems (LMS): LMS platforms, such as Blackboard, Canvas, and Google Classroom, serve as centralized hubs for delivering course content, managing assignments, and fostering online collaboration.

Adaptive Learning Platforms: These AI-powered platforms analyze student performance and dynamically adjust the learning content and pace to cater to individual learning styles and needs.

Virtual and Augmented Reality: Immersive technologies, like virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), are being leveraged to create engaging, hands-on learning experiences in subjects such as science, history, and architecture.

Educational Apps and Games: A wide array of educational apps and games are designed to make learning fun, interactive, and more accessible for students of all ages.

Coding and Robotics: The integration of coding and robotics in the classroom helps students develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills.

Examples of Successful EdTech Implementation in Schools
Across the globe, schools and educational institutions are embracing the power of EdTech to transform students’ learning experience.

Flipped Classroom Model: In this approach, students access course content, such as video lectures, at home, while class time is dedicated to interactive discussions, problem-solving, and hands-on activities.

Blended Learning: This model combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning components, allowing for a more flexible approach to education.
Project-Based Learning: EdTech tools, such as collaboration platforms and multimedia creation software, are enabling students to engage in authentic, real-world projects that foster their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Virtual Field Trips: Through virtual reality and video conferencing, students can now explore distant locations, historical sites, and scientific facilities without leaving the classroom.

Gamification in Education: Integrating educational games and game-based learning elements into the curriculum can enhance student motivation, engagement, and retention of knowledge.

Challenges and Concerns Surrounding EdTech
Despite the numerous benefits of EdTech, there are also challenges and concerns that must be addressed.

Equity and Access: Ensuring equal access to EdTech resources and addressing the digital divide among students from different socioeconomic backgrounds is a critical concern.

Privacy and Data Security: The integration of EdTech platforms raises important questions about student data privacy, security, and the ethical use of personal information.

Technological Limitations: Technical issues, such as unreliable Internet connectivity, outdated hardware, and compatibility problems, can hinder the effective implementation of EdTech in the classroom.

Teacher Training and Professional Development: Providing comprehensive training and support to educators to help them navigate EdTech is essential for its successful integration.

Balancing Technology and Traditional Teaching: Striking a balance between the use of technology and traditional teaching methods is crucial to ensure that the benefits of EdTech are fully realized without compromising the human element of education.

EdTech Resources and Platforms for Educators and Students
Educators and students alike have access to a vast array of EdTech resources and platforms to support their learning and teaching endeavors. Some notable examples include:

Online Learning Platforms: Coursera, edX, and Udemy offer a wide range of online courses, MOOCs, and educational content for both students and teachers.
Educational Apps and Software: Apps like Duolingo, Khan Academy, and Quizlet provide engaging, interactive learning experiences across various subjects.

Collaboration and Productivity Tools: Google Workspace for Education, Microsoft 365 for Education, and Zoom enable seamless collaboration, communication, and content creation in the digital classroom.

Professional Development Resources: Websites like Edutopia, EdSurge, and ISTE provide valuable insights, best practices, and training opportunities for educators to enhance their EdTech skills.

Educational Technology Conferences: Events like ISTE, BETT, and the ASU+GSV Summit bring together EdTech innovators, educators, and industry leaders to share insights and explore the future of technology in education.

The rise of EdTech has ushered in a new era of educational transformation, empowering students and educators both. By seamlessly integrating technology into the learning process, schools and educational institutions are fostering more engaging, personalized, and accessible learning experiences. As EdTech continues to evolve, it is clear that the future of education lies in embracing the transformative power of technology to unlock the full potential of student learning.