Thursday, Nov. 20th, 2025

Bozeman Symphony Celebrates the Season with Holiday Spectacular Concert

The Bozeman Symphony rings in the holiday season with its annual Holiday Spectacular concerts from December 12 to 14 at the Willson Auditorium in downtown Bozeman. The annual tradition promises a festive celebration filled with timeless classics, holiday favorites, and a joyful sing-along, guaranteed to delight audiences of all ages.

 
Under the direction of Maestro Norman Huynh, the Symphony will be joined by the warm, expressive voice of tenor Terrence Chin-Loy, along with the Bozeman Symphonic Choir. Together they will present an unforgettable holiday experience that captures the warmth and wonder of the season.

American Chin-Loy, praised by Opera News for his "beautiful lyric tenor voice,” is recognized for his passionate artistry, expressive musicality, and full, sweet sound. This past season, Chin-Loy made his European debut singing Gualtiero in Vivaldi’s Griselda with the Danish National Opera, return to the Lyric Opera of Chicago for Cop 1 in Blue, Ferrando in Così fan tutte with Virginia Opera, Don Ottavio in Don Giovanni with Opera Omaha and in concert, and Graf Albert in Die tote Stadt with Andris Nelsons and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

“There’s no finer way to get into the holiday spirit than gathering together to experience the joy of live symphonic music,” said Huynh. “Our Holiday Spectacular promises to bring you everything you love about the season—music, memories, and a sense of community.”
 
The holiday program will feature a delightful mix of holiday favorites, including A Christmas Festival, I Saw Three Ships, Sleigh Ride, and Waltz of the Flowers from the Nutcracker. Chin-Loy will enchant with Ave Maria, Che gelida manina from La Boheme, and Ev’ry Valley Shall be Exalted fromMessiah. The Bozeman Symphonic Choir will captivate with O, Holy Night, Christmas Day, We Need a Little Christmas, and the Hallelujah Chorus.
 
To meet the popular demand for this annual tradition, the Bozeman Symphony will offer four Holiday Spectacular performances to experience the joy of the season. Performances are Friday, Dec. 12, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday, Dec. 13, at 2:30 and 7:30 p.m.; and Sunday, Dec. 14, at 2:30 p.m. at the Willson Auditorium, 404 West Main Street. Tickets start at $30 for adults, with discounted rates available for students, at https://www.bozemansymphony.org/holiday-spectacular or by calling 406-585-9774.

These festive concerts are made possible thanks to the generous support of sponsors The Dovana Foundation, Calum & Tricia DeSouza, Bob & Donna Ritchie, Paul & Jillian Bertelli, Mike & Cyndi Huempfner – Five Points Foundation, Bruce & Kimberlie Jodar, Crystal & Chris Sacca, Ambassador Max Baucus & Ms. Melodee Hanes, and Zsa-Zsa’s.

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Small Adventures That Make Life Bigger

Some days feel flat. Just flat.

You go through your normal routine and nothing bad happens, but you still don’t feel that great. That annoying feeling usually means that you need something small to shake you up. Nothing dramatic, though; no packing, no driving for hours to get somewhere. Just a teensy little change that reminds you life is bigger than the 9-5 and chores. And the best thing is that this is easy to do because look at where you live!

Trails that are mere minutes from streets, quiet spots by the river, side roads people don’t often visit, parks… 

These aren’t exactly grand adventures, but they’re moments you can slip into between work, home, dinner, errands, and whatever it is that eats into your free time during the week. 

Let’s see what you can do.

Everyday Adventures That Change the Way You Experience Your Week

There’s this weird point in a week where everything starts to blend together, and it can be mentally exhausting. This is where those small adventures can help, and, best of all, they don’t need any planning. 

Well… Actually, that’s not 100% true.

If it’s an outdoor adventure, you’ll want to glance at a weather app or a global blended 15-day forecast so you aren’t surprised by a sudden downpour.

A Swift Reset

As soon as you step off the pavement and onto dirt, your body will respond. And your mind will quickly follow. 

Once you’re done with work, instead of your traditional routine (commuting or driving home), head to a nearby trail or park. This isn’t one of those ‘get in tune with nature ’ type of things. No. 

Just break your daily routine and do something new and different. You’ll feel much better this way.  Once you’re done with work, head to a nearby trail to get a clean break from the day. You’ll see how different the air will feel and how your mind will slow down without having to force it. 

If you don’t have a lot of time, it’s also ok. A 10-15 minute detour (e.g., Sourdough, Peet’s Hill, etc.) will do just fine.

The Sunset Stop
Have you ever observed the sun set in real life? We aren’t talking about a romantic date, because your mind would be all over the place, instead of relaxed. Nor are we talking about seeing such a scene in a movie.

In fact, the sunset experience isn’t supposed to be ‘romantic’ at all. It’s ok if it is. But if you’re just here, completely alone, watching the sunset, you get to experience something different. And that experience brings clarity and perspective. It also brings relaxation and soothness. 

It’s great to have that one special place where you can go to watch the sky.

A Walk Down the Street You Always Pass

You know those streets you always drive by, but you never go there? Aren’t you curious about them?

Taking a slow wander through one or two can be surprisingly refreshing. And if you take a longer walk, your mental health will thank you for it.

Who knows what you might find? Murals you’ve never noticed before, a little eccentric shop tucked in a corner, old architecture, a community board full of flyers, etc.

And even if you don’t see anything interesting, the walk alone will be good for you.

A Coffee Walk at Your Own Pace

Get a warm cup of coffee and walk through a neighborhood you’re familiar with. You’ll see, the entire afternoon will feel different. The warmth of the cup, the smell drifting up, the fresh air, the steady rhythm of your steps, it all adds up to a different kind of comfort.

You notice how the trees look today and what the houses sound like. To keep this interesting, do it in different seasons.

This is an incredibly easy way to slow down, but not so much that you completely stop.

A Short Drive Into the Unknown

Get in your car, pick a road you never take, and… Who knows?

Drive for 10-15 minutes with no plan whatsoever, just curiosity. A tiny little detour like this often leads to things you’d never find in your usual loops, like a new trailhead or an empty pullout with a fantastic view.

The fun is not knowing what’s next, and that means that there’s no pressure on the outcome. Even a short drive can become a small discovery if you treat it like this.

A Few Minutes of Watching Wildlife

Stop by a field or a riverbank and enjoy what you see.

If you’re really lucky, you might spot a deer moving along a tree line. But even without the deer, you’ll still get to see birds dipping into the water and little squirrels running and jumping around.

This’ll remind you of the rhythm the natural world has, totally separate from your schedule. 

Conclusion

Feeling calm and relaxed yet? No? 

That’s ok. But it’s no wonder really; you’re still staring at a screen. And that probably isn’t helping.

Turn off your phone for a bit, put on your comfiest pair of sneakers, and head out for a bit. No plan, no destination. Just go out and see where your feet will take you. All you need is the will to go out and shake things up. Don’t wait for a long weekend to feel alive because the year doesn’t have as many weekends as you think. 

Use ten minutes here and twenty minutes there to change how your days look. One little experience of feeding peanuts to a squirrel can make everything feel bigger.

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Wednesday, Nov. 19th, 2025

Christmas Stroll Poster Update

The Downtown Bozeman Partnership Management Committee (PMC) has decided to refrain from printing and distributing Ghassane Moutaoukil's entry as the official 45th Annual Christmas Stroll Poster. This is largely due to safety concerns of all parties involved and the businesses that sponsor this wonderful community event. 

The purpose of the Christmas Stroll is to bring together the Bozeman community to kick off the holiday season, while also providing an opportunity to support over 100 downtown small businesses, Non-Profits, and business sponsors. The PMC has decided to instead showcase a photo of our beloved Holiday Spiders on the official Christmas Stroll Poster. This year, the fourth and final rebuilt spider will take its place along Main Street and be illuminated by Santa as part of Bozeman’s traditional kickoff to the holiday season.  

We look forward to celebrating with you at the Stroll on December 6th!

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Identification of New Dinosaur Species Highlights Montana’s Rich Heritage

HELENA – Montana’s fossil record continues to surprise even the most seasoned researchers. Earlier this fall, paleontologists from the Museum of the Rockies announced the identification of a new species of dome-headed dinosaur, Brontotholus harmoni, from the Two Medicine Formation in western Montana. Dating to approximately 75 million years ago, this compact 10-foot-long pachycephalosaur represents the first of its kind documented in that geologic unit, an exciting addition to the diverse cast of dinosaurs that once roamed the Late Cretaceous landscape of the northern Great Plains. 

Although the Two Medicine Formation has been studied for decades, Brontotholus harmoni underscores how much we still have to learn. Pachycephalosaurs are known for their thick, domed skulls, and researchers believe these structures may have played roles in display, species recognition or intraspecific combat. The new find contributes to a clearer picture of how regional ecosystems changed as the Western Interior Seaway receded and upland environments expanded. Even in an area as heavily investigated as Montana, discoveries like this demonstrate that our landscapes continue to yield meaningful scientific insights. 

While this particular specimen was not found on FWP-managed land, the work provides an opportunity to highlight the collaborative relationship we maintain with the Museum of the Rockies. Through a long-standing agreement, the museum has permission to conduct paleontological research on many of our properties. Each summer, their staff lead a multi-week field school in Makoshika State Park, drawing scientists, students and volunteers from around the world. The field school has produced a wealth of new data about the park’s fossil resources and helps train the next generation of paleontologists. 

The Museum of the Rockies also serves as the official repository for significant paleontological remains recovered from FWP lands. Many of the specimens that visitors admire in their galleries, ranging from hadrosaurs to tyrannosaurs, were originally excavated from properties we manage. FWP’s Heritage Program regularly relies on the museum’s specialists to help evaluate project-related impacts to fossil resources, as FWP is required to do under state law. Their expertise ensures that development and stewardship decisions consider the scientific value of these irreplaceable materials. 

FWP staff across the agency play an important role in this work. Field crews, maintenance staff and seasonal employees may encounter fossils in the course of their daily duties. While many finds are expected and relatively common, some can be scientifically significant. If you spot a fossil while working in a park, fishing access site or wildlife management area, please let the Heritage Program know. A quick photo and location description can make all the difference. You never know when a small observation might lead to a big discovery. 

For those interested in digging deeper into the science, the formal description of Brontotholus harmoni was published earlier this month in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. It’s a fascinating read and a good reminder that Montana’s heritage, natural and cultural, is dynamic, evolving and full of unexpected stories still waiting to be told. 

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Montana State recognized as best, most affordable college in Montana by research.com

MSU has become the first university in the history of the state to enroll more than 17,000 students, while also seeing record four-year graduation rates and a record high rate of students staying in school to complete their degrees. (Marcus "Doc" Cravens/MSU Photo)

BOZEMAN
— Montana State University was ranked as the best college in Montana for 2026 by research.com, a website that publishes annual rankings for colleges and universities across the country.  

In addition to earning the No. 1 best college in Montana accolade, the website also ranked MSU as the No. 1 most affordable college in Montana, No. 1 best value college in Montana, and the No. 4 most popular college in Montana.  

Nationally, MSU earned a No. 5 ranking as the most affordable college in the western U.S. and No. 18 as the most affordable college nationwide. 

The rankings also highlight MSU’s role as a public land-grant institution that serves the needs of all Montanans, noting its academic excellence in agriculture, natural research management and engineering. It also emphasizes its research expenditures and applications across a wide variety of academic disciplines and MSU’s prime location in Bozeman with proximity to Yellowstone National Park and other natural wonders.  

Research.com calculates data-driven rankings by using numerical, quantitative data from independent sources to avoid inaccuracies associated with surveys and opinion polls, according to its website. 

Relatedly, MSU has repeatedly earned a distinction of being a Carnegie R1 research institution, indicating “very high” research output and doctoral education, and has set new research expenditure records year after year, with expenditures from 2024-25 totaling $288.7 million. The university has also significantly grown its student body in recent years, becoming the first university in the state to cross the 17,000-student mark in 2024. MSU has also seen consistently high graduation rates and student retention, and it is the single largest employer in Bozeman and a top employer across the state.  

Other notable rankings for MSU include its consistent placement as a top three military-friendly U.S. school by militaryfriendly.com and as in the top 3.7% of institutions reviewed by the Center for World University Rankings.  

For more information on MSU’s academic offerings, visit montana.edu/academics. To apply, visit montana.edu/apply

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Tuesday, Nov. 18th, 2025

Montana State senior Doriane Keiser awarded Rhodes Scholarship


BOZEMAN
– Doriane Keiser, a senior at Montana State University who plans to return to the Fort Peck Indian Reservation where she grew up to work for the betterment of individual and community mental health, has been awarded a 2026 Rhodes Scholarship to study at the University of Oxford. 

Keiser, an associate member of the Fort Peck tribes, is one of just 32 American scholars selected over the weekend for the prestigious scholarship. She is the 12th MSU student, and the first since 2017, to receive a Rhodes Scholarship, which is considered the oldest and one of the most prestigious international academic awards. 
“I couldn’t be more thrilled that Doriane has been recognized for her hard work and achievements in this place where exceptional talent is nurtured and elevated by exceptional people in order to produce exceptional outcomes,” said Montana State University President Brock Tessman.  

Keiser, a Presidential Scholar and member of the Honors College who is majoring in psychology and community health with minors in sociology and human development, came to MSU knowing she would one day go on to graduate school to become a clinical psychologist.  

She was motivated to work both with individuals and within institutions, such as schools and law enforcement agencies, to ensure that effective mental health interventions and referrals for people in crisis are available in the Fort Peck community – something she said was often lacking when she was growing up there.
Her goal is personal: In 2020, Keiser lost her younger sister, who had long struggled with mental health issues, to suicide. 

Through her MSU coursework, Keiser said, she came to realize that deficiencies in services for addiction, health care, nutrition and education begin at the policy level. That realization ultimately cemented her decision to apply for the Rhodes Scholarship. 

When her mentor, Steven Davis, assistant dean of MSU’s Honors College and 2015 Rhodes finalist, encouraged her to consider applying, Keiser began investigating available programs at Oxford. She found exactly what she was looking for: a master’s degree program in evidence-based social intervention and another in comparative social policy. 

“In the U.S., we really focus on our policies, but through this program I could look at policies that exist in other countries to open my mind to what is out there, what are the possibilities,” she said. “If they are succeeding, how could we tailor it to the U.S.? There’s so much knowledge out there.” 

She was so excited by Oxford’s offerings, in fact, that Keiser told Davis she would apply there even if she didn’t win the scholarship. While Davis was on a flight to Bozeman on Sunday, somehow a single message from Keiser came through on his watch. It said simply, “I won.” Davis knew Keiser’s path to Oxford had just become easier. 

“Doriane’s story – her vision, her mission, her North Star – her personal calling and professional vocation is so important for the future of our rural and tribal communities,” said Davis, who has worked with Keiser through Honor Bound, the Honors College support program for Indigenous students. “She embodies the best virtues we have to offer as Indigenous people and exemplifies the very best of what we have to offer at Montana State University.” 

Nicholas Ross-Dick, assistant director of American Indian/Alaska Native Student Success, added that Keiser has always exhibited kindness, sympathy and strong moral character in her work as a peer tutor for Indigenous students. 

“She has a heart for the whole community,” he said. “The thing I most admire about Doriane is she is super driven and ambitious, but she’s also humble and grounded.” 
Tutoring is one of many ways Keiser connected with Indigenous communities and culture while at MSU. As president of the campus American Indian Science and Engineering Society chapter, she spearheaded an outreach project to Indigenous communities to teach engineering and programming skills to fifth- and sixth-graders while flying miniature drones. Keiser also bundled seeds bound for Indigenous communities with the Buffalo Nations Food System Initiative, a project of the Department of Native American Studies and the College of Education, Health and Human Development; traveled with the Honor Bound program to learn aquaponic farming techniques from Indigenous Hawaiians; worked with MSU’s McNair Scholars Program to explore the impact of cultural exchanges on Native American and Alaska Native students at MSU; and traveled to New Zealand as part of a Native American studies course to work with Māori communities.  

Keiser served as a senator in student government representing the College of Letters and Science during her sophomore year, where she worked to expand funding for mental health programs and increase access to low-cost legal services on campus. 
Her academic pursuits have been no less ambitious. While carrying heavy course loads, Keiser has participated in undergraduate research with three psychology professors and completed an MSU Extension internship. In 2024, she won a prestigious Udall Undergraduate Scholarship, which is awarded in recognition of exceptional leadership, community service and involvement in the fields of health care, environment or public policy surrounding American Indian and Alaska Native communities and issues.  

“MSU has given me so many opportunities that I didn’t know were available in one place,” Keiser said.  "I didn't even know what it meant to participate in research before going to college, but I have been able to do that here." 

Because she wanted the opportunity to study abroad before graduating, Keiser decided to extend her undergraduate career by one year. She is studying this semester in Thailand – in fact, she flew 20 hours to Seattle last week for the final round of Rhodes interviews. She plans to graduate in May after completing her final semester in Bozeman. 

Reached in Thailand on Monday after her 20-hour return flight, Keiser said the support she has received at MSU and throughout the Rhodes application process brought her to this moment. 

“It helped me realize that no matter where you come from, you can do so much and you can grow,” she said.  

Prior to Keiser, the most recent MSU student to win a Rhodes was Josh Carter of Watertown, South Dakota, in 2017. Previous Rhodes Scholarship winners from MSU include Joe Thiel from Idaho Falls, who won a Rhodes Scholarship in 2013; Katy Hansen of Bozeman who earned a Rhodes Scholarship in 2011; Brian Johnsrud, an English graduate from Big Sandy, who won the Rhodes in 2006; Chelsea Elander of Missoula, who won a Rhodes in 2000; and Jennifer DeVoe of Helena, a recipient in 1995. Maurice Burke, a former professor of mathematics at MSU, won in 1974. In all, MSU has produced 12 Rhodes Scholars since the scholarship's founding. 

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Monday, Nov. 17th, 2025

Livingston Restaurants Unite for Community and Food

Livingston Restaurant Week will make its debut January 19 to 25, 2026. The event will celebrate local food, highlight the talent of Livingston chefs, and bring the community together in support of the Livingston Food Resource Center. Two dollars from each featured dish will help the center meet a growing need in our community.

Event organizers are now inviting restaurants and bars to take part in this first year. Livingston has close to fifty restaurants, and all are welcome to join. Restaurants and sponsors that sign up by December 1 will be included on printed posters. Restaurants and bars can continue to join the event through December 31. The full list of participating restaurants will be shared in early January. The event invites guests to explore new dishes, enjoy favorite spots, and support families across Park County.
 
Livingston Restaurant Week is brought to you by Small Plate Hospitality and supported by a grant from the Livingston Tourism Business Improvement District (TBID). TBID’s mission is to enhance Livingston’s economic vitality by generating room nights, building partnerships, and promoting Livingston as a year-round destination. 

For more information or to join the event, please contact Lisa Machac with Small Plate Hospitality at lisa.machac@gmail.com.

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Friday, Nov. 14th, 2025

2026 Montana Migratory Bird Stamp contest opens

HELENA – Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks is seeking submissions for the 2026 Montana Migratory Bird Stamp contest.  

New this year, the contest is expanding to waterbird (shorebirds, waterfowl, or wetland dependent passerine) species in its natural habitat setting. The artwork should depict a Montana scene.  

The 2026 Montana Migratory Bird Stamp contest will be open through Feb. 27. The Wetlands Protection Advisory Council will select the winning art in March.  

Details on contest rules and entry information can be found here. The winning artist will receive a $2,000 cash prize and be featured on promotional materials throughout 2026. The prize is organized by Montana’s Outdoor Legacy Foundation, which partners with FWP and Montana Audubon on promoting the Migratory Bird Stamp Program and funding wetland conservation.   

The purpose of the Montana Migratory Bird Stamp program is to raise awareness of the importance of wetlands for wildlife and aquatic species, along with agriculture operations and communities. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem functions like flood control, groundwater recharge and water purification. FWP’s Migratory Bird Wetland Program helps landowners and other conservation partners develop and fund projects that protect, conserve, enhance or create high-quality wetland habitat.  

People who want to support wetland conservation, but do not hunt can still get the 2025 Montana Migratory Bird Stamp sticker sheet by visiting the Montana Audubon website. The money collected from the sale of these sticker sheets goes toward FWP’s wetland conservation efforts.  

The 2026 Montana Migratory Bird Stamp will not be required to hunt migratory birds in Montana. To hunt migratory birds, hunters will need a current Montana migratory bird license and their federal duck stamp, the same as in years past.   

Those who purchase a Montana migratory bird license will receive a free collectable sticker sheet showing the winning artwork, information about the Migratory Bird Wetland Program and information about how to make additional contributions. Purchasing a Montana migratory bird license is a great way to support wetland habitat conservation. FWP will work with Montana’s Outdoor Legacy Foundation and other partners to provide other ways to help support wetlands conservation. More information will be provided on donation opportunities in the coming months.  

For more information on the contest, contact Greg Lemon at glemon@mt.gov. For more information on the Migratory Bird Wetland Program, click here.  

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Thursday, Nov. 13th, 2025

Bozeman Schools Foundation to Host 11th Annual Santa Run for Education Presented by Stockman Bank on December 6, 2025

Over $4,000 in prizes for runners, schools, and teams!

Bozeman, MT —November 6, 2025 — The Bozeman Schools Foundation will once again host the annual Santa Run for Education Sponsored by Stockman Bank on the morning of Saturday, December 6, 2025.

“The Santa Run for Education has become a favorite holiday tradition in the Gallatin Valley, and Stockman Bank is thrilled to sponsor it once again” shared Paul Pahut, Stockman Senior Vice President, Southwest Montana. “We believe strong schools build strong communities, and supporting the Bozeman Schools Foundation and this event is one small way we can give back to the community we’re proud to call home.”

The Santa Run for Education is the Foundation’s primary fundraiser, bringing together runners, families, and supporters for a festive 5K through downtown Bozeman. Proceeds from the event support the Foundation’s work promoting academic excellence, fostering teaching innovation, recognizing students of character, and helping connect students in need with housing, nutritional support, and other essential resources so they can focus on learning and thrive.

Now in its 11th year, the Santa Run celebrates the enduring partnership between Bozeman School District 7 (BSD7) and the community that champions its students. In recognition of this partnership, BSD7 Superintendent Casey Bertram and his Executive Cabinet have been named this year’s Honorary Race Marshals.

“Whether it’s promoting early literacy or addressing student well-being and mental health, the Bozeman Schools Foundation has repeatedly seen the commitment of Casey and his team to tackling important issues,” said Jenn Lammers, Executive Director of the Bozeman Schools Foundation. “With support from the Bozeman community, we are breaking new ground, and the work we are doing will make a difference in the lives of Bozeman students for years to come.”

“The partnership between the Bozeman Schools Foundation and BSD7 is an incredible example of what can happen when a community comes together around a shared belief in our students,” said Superintendent Casey Bertram. “The Foundation not only helps provide resources that enhance learning, but it also strengthens the connection between our schools and the broader Bozeman community.”

The Superintendent and his team will be donning festive costumes in keeping with the Santa Run’s spirited, family-friendly nature!

With prizes for both serious and not-so-serious runners, the Santa Run for Education is a great way to kick off the holiday season while showing support for local schools.

Prize highlights include:

  • $1,000 each to the two schools with the highest participation (based on percentage of total enrollment). All Gallatin County schools are eligible

  • $500 each to the two BSD7 teams or clubs with the greatest number of participants, thanks to the Neil Family.

  • The return of “Tagging the Yeti,” sponsored by Bozeman’s independent Charles Schwab branch, giving attendees a chance to win assorted prizes by spotting and posting a photo with the race’s furry (and fast) Yeti mascot.

  • Spontaneous rewards will also be provided at the Race Marshals’ discretion to participants in unique costumes, and/or adding positive energy to the event.

Racers, families, and friends are invited to warm up, visit sponsor booths, and enjoy hot chocolate inside the Winter Wonderland set up in the Willson Gym before, during, and after the race. Doors open at 8:30 a.m., and the race begins at 9:00 a.m. at the corner of Babcock and 5th Avenue.

Packet pickup will take place at Stockman Bank on Friday, December 5, from 10:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.

Registration is now open: https://runsignup.com/Race/MT/Bozeman/SantaRunforEducation5K

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Montana State receives NSF grant for sophisticated X-ray photoelectron spectrometer


BOZEMAN
– A Montana State University core research facility described by its director as a “portal to the magical world of nanoscience” has received funding for a sophisticated instrument to support multidisciplinary research at MSU and across the state.

The National Science Foundation’s Division of Materials Research and EPSCoR program have awarded $833,000 for a new X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy system. The new instrument will be housed in MSU’s Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory in Barnard Hall and will restore the small-spot elemental and chemical surface analysis capability lost when the former, 25-year old XPS spectrometer became irreparable in 2020.

News of the grant was a welcome gift for ICAL, awarded on the facility’s 33rd birthday in September. Since 2015, ICAL has been one of six MSU labs in the Montana Nanotechnology Facility, an NSF-supported user consortium. ICAL is home to numerous instruments used by physicists, chemists, microbiologists, geologists, engineers and other researchers to characterize the microscopic chemical and physical properties of materials. ICAL director and founder Recep Avci said the original XPS was among the first essential instruments the facility acquired to support surface and interface science research at MSU.

Demand for XPS analysis is perhaps even greater today, according to Rob Walker, head of MSU’s Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry in the College of Letters and Science, who led the campus-wide effort to secure the grant for the new instrument. He said the spectrometer will advance research activities at MSU and across Montana in quantum materials, energy storage and conversion, biomineralization and environmental science.

“The XPS spectrometer is a foundational tool for any R1 university engaged in materials research,” said Walker, referring to MSU’s Carnegie designation as a university with very high research activity. “Not having this capability was a real gap in MSU’s portfolio, and the interdisciplinary team effort to write this grant will benefit research and education across the entire campus.”

ICAL houses high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy instrumentation to explore the size, shape, textures and structure of materials at the nanoscale. But unlike the other instruments in the facility, including its electron microscopes, the XPS will provide detailed elemental and chemical information about the composition of a material’s surface at any given point, down to the level of 5 to 10 nanometers. A nanometer is 1/1000th of a micron, and a micron measures 1/1000thof a millimeter, or about 1/25,000th of an inch.

Stephen Sofie, a co-PI on the NSF proposal and a professor in MSU’s Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering in the Norm Asbjornson College of Engineering, said the XPS will provide critical support for his ceramic materials research including his investigations of MIECs, or mixed ionic and electrically conducting ceramics. These materials are candidates for new direct energy conversion applications, such as fuel cells and solid-state batteries. These specific MIECs synthesized at MSU, called perovskites, can conduct electricity as efficiently as stainless steel, which is uncommon in ceramics yet pivotal to practical scaling of devices for commercial applications. 

Sofie believes that the unusually high conductivity may be due to the valence states of molybdenum and vanadium in the material. Valence states determine the manner in which atoms combine and interact with other groups of atoms. The new XPS will be able to examine those valence states when the materials are heated to the operating temperatures of direct energy conversion applications.

“We’re very excited with this new XPS so we can study the valence state evolution as a function of both the temperature and chemical stoichiometry,” Sofie said. “We really think that it’s a very careful coalition of valence states from processing that drives this transition to highly metallic behavior. If we can understand that, we can find new ways to engineer this unique material.”

Stephanie Ewing, professor in MSU’s Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences in the College of Agriculture and director of the Montana Water Center, said the XPS will further her study of water contamination in different environments. She is particularly interested in the movement of pesticides and other complex and human-made organic compounds toward and through groundwater.
“We will look to use this instrument to characterize soil and other mineral and organic-coated surfaces that slow down movement of environmental contaminants and control the release of solutes in waters,” she said.

Nick Stadie, associate professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, said the absence of XPS capability has been a challenge for his lab. The Stadie Group works to improve carbon- and silicon-based materials for optimal energy storage applications. The XPS provides an atomistic-scale perspective of how the materials are structured, helping the researchers understand which types of bonds exist.
“We can look at the structure before and after using it inside of a battery. In the case of silicon, it totally rearranges itself,” he said. “This tool is going to revolutionize what we can do to make improvements.”

Since the previous XPS unit at ICAL stopped working, Stadie added, he and his students have sent their materials to Maryland for analysis, which is far from an ideal solution.

“It slows us down a lot, because we’re disadvantaged by not having students there who made the materials,” he said. “The people performing the XPS measurements over there didn’t make the samples. Now, having our students here put their own hands on the instrument is going to accelerate our research incredibly.”

The XPS will be available to researchers not only at MSU but throughout the Montana University System, including tribal colleges. Stadie said his group has been collaborating on a project with students at Salish Kootenai College in Pablo, and he expects they will travel to Bozeman to use the XPS for their research.

“This really is a statewide effort coming together to demonstrate the need this capability, and those collaborative efforts were commented on time and time again in the (grant) reviews,” Walker said. “The entire jurisdiction is going to benefit from this.”

One function of MSU’s core research facilities is to give students hands-on experience with the specialized equipment in each lab. ICAL staff will train students to use the new XPS, which is equipped with the latest technological innovations.

“It’s nice to spend my professional life in a room and have students become experts,” Avci said. “How can you beat that?”

Facility manager Sara Zacher, who was one of Avci’s students 25 years ago, reiterated that XPS capability is an essential element of ICAL.

“It’s our beating heart,” she said. “We’re very happy to get it back again.”

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